Overview: Dengue IgG EIA TestIntroduction: The Dengue IgG EIA Test detects IgG antibodies to dengue virus, indicating past infection causing fever or joint pain. Following 2023 WHO guidelines, it uses an immunoassay for high sensitivity, aiding in infectious disease screening. This test is critical for guiding diagnosis, management, and improving outcomes in virology for patients with suspected dengue exposure.
Other Names: Dengue IgG Assay, Dengue Antibody Test.
FDA Status: Laboratory-developed test (LDT), meeting virology standards for diagnostic accuracy.
Historical Milestone: Dengue antibody testing began in the 1980s with viral research. IgG immunoassays emerged in the 1990s, and by the 2000s, high-sensitivity EIAs improved accuracy.
Purpose: Diagnoses past dengue infection, guides management, and monitors antibody presence in patients with fever or joint pain history.
Test Parameters: 1. Dengue IgG
Pretest Condition: No fasting required. Collect serum or saliva at any time. Report symptoms like fever or joint pain, and list recent travel to dengue-endemic areas.
Specimen: 2-5 mL serum (SST) or 1-2 mL saliva (sterile container). Centrifuge serum within 1 hour. Transport in a biohazard bag within 8 hours.
Sample Stability at Room Temperature: 8 hours
Sample Stability at Refrigeration: 7 days
Sample Stability at Frozen: 6 months
Medical History: Document fever, joint pain, or travel to dengue-endemic areas. Include current medications, especially antipyretics.
Consent: Written consent required, detailing the tests purpose, diagnostic implications, and potential need for supportive care.
Procedural Considerations: Uses an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect dengue IgG antibodies. Results are available in 1-2 days, enabling rapid clinical decisions.
Factors Affecting Result Accuracy: Cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses (e.g., Zika) may cause false positives. Early infection may cause false negatives.
Clinical Significance: Positive IgG results indicate past dengue infection, guiding monitoring for complications. Negative results may require IgM or PCR testing.
Specialist Consultation: Consult an infectious disease specialist for result interpretation.
Additional Supporting Tests: Dengue IgM, NS1 antigen, or PCR to confirm infection status or assess complications.
Test Limitations: False positives may occur with related viruses. Results require clinical correlation.
References: WHO Dengue Guidelines, 2023; Clinical Infectious Diseases, Guzman MG, 2022.
